The working principle of the port spreader is mainly based on the combination of mechanical and power systems, usually including the following key components:

     Lifting mechanism: Port spreaders are equipped with powerful lifting mechanisms, usually driven by hydraulic systems or electric motors. The lifting mechanism provides the ability to hoist and lower goods, and it usually consists of steel cables, hooks and lifting machinery components.

     Traveling mechanism: The port spreader needs to move laterally in the dock or port. The running gear usually consists of an axle, a drive and a guide system that enable the spreader to travel along the track or track system.

     Lifting mechanism: The lifting mechanism is used to lift goods. It is usually driven by a hydraulic cylinder, screw or chain system, which can lift the goods vertically to the required height.

     Control system: The port spreader is equipped with a control system, which is controlled by the control panel or remote control in the control room. The steering system can realize various movements of the spreader, such as lifting, walking and rotating.

The process of cargo loading, unloading and handling is as follows:

     Cargo grabbing: The port spreader uses hooks, clamps, grabs and other devices to grab or fix the cargo on it. The choice of spreader depends on the type and characteristics of the cargo.

     Lifting: The spreader lifts the goods vertically to the required height through the lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism can adjust the lifting speed and height according to the needs.

     Horizontal movement: The port spreader uses the traveling mechanism to move horizontally along the track or track system to move the cargo from the lifting position to the target position.

     Rotation: Some port spreaders are equipped with a rotation mechanism, which can rotate the cargo in the horizontal direction to meet different operational needs.

     Cargo placement: Once the spreader moves the cargo to the target location, the cargo is placed or unloaded, completing the loading, unloading and handling process.

The design and function of a port spreader depends on various factors such as cargo type, size, weight and the requirements of port operations. Different types of port spreaders, such as container cranes, gantry cranes, bridge cranes, etc., have different working principles and functional characteristics to meet specific cargo handling needs.